状语从句
状语从句不仅是初中英语学习的重点,而且也是每年中考必考的内容之一。从笔者研读历年全国各地中考英语试题对状语从句的考查内容来看,命题主要集中在引导状语从句的连词、状语从句的时态等方面;从九大状语从句来看,同学们应将复习重点放在时间状语从句、条件状语从句、结果状语从句和比较状语从句这四种上。
核心知识
一、对时间状语从句的考查
1.要点:
1)引导时间状语从句的连词有:while, when,as,as soon as,until,not...until,before, after,since,etc.要掌握每个连词的含义及其用法,还有它们之间的一些区别。
2)when,while,as的区别:
①三者均可表示“当……的时候”,如果主句表示的是短暂的动作,而从句表示的是一段时间,三者可通用。如:
I met Kang Li as/when/while I was walking along the street.当我沿街散步时碰见了康丽。
②as和when都可与终止性动词连用, while只能与延续性动词连用。如:
It was snowing when we got to the airport.当我们到达机场时,天正下着雪。(不能用 while)
③as强调主句与从句表示的动作同时发生;while强调主句表示的动作持续于while所指的整个时间内;when可指主、从句所述动作同时或先后发生。如:
He sang as he went along.他边走边唱。
Please write while I read.我读的时候,请写下来。
When he reached home,he had a little rest.回到家后,他休息了一会儿。
3)until和till在肯定句中表示“直到……为止”,主句要用延续性动词;在否定句中,表示“直到……才”,主句常用终止性动词,这时till和until可用before替换。如:
I waited till/until he arrived.我一直等到他到来。
We won\'t start until/till/before Bob comes.鲍勃到来之前,我们不会动身。
4)since从句中常用过去时,主句用一般现在时或现在完成时;如果主句是一般将来时,情态动词加动词原形或祈使句时,时间状语从句用一般现在时。如:
Where have you been since I saw you last?上次我和你见面之后,你到哪里去了?
I\'ll phone you as soon as I arrive in Tonghua.我一到通化就给你打电话。
2.考例:(所有考例取自2001、2002年全国各省市中考英语试题)
1)我一到美国就给你打电话。(北京市海淀区)
I\'ll ring you up ______ soon ______ I get to America.
2)昨天直到雨停了,孩子们才离开学校。(同上)
The children ______ leave school ______ the rain stopped yesterday.
3)It ______ ten years since they ______ to France.(河北)
A.as;covered
B.was;have moved
C.is;have moved
D.is;moved
4)He ______ wait until the rain ______ .(南京市)
A.won\'t;will stop
B.won\'t;stop
C.will;stops
D.will;will stop
二、对条件状语从句的考查
1.要点:引导条件状语从句的连词有if(如果)、unless(除非)等,unless在意义上相当于if...not。条件状语从句也像时间状语从句一样,如果主句用将来时,从句要用现在时代替将来时。如:
You will fail unless you study hard.(=You will fail if you don\'t study hard.)除非你努力学习,否则你会失败。
2.考例:
1)He will go to the Great Wall if it ______ tomorrow.(北京市宣武区)
A.won\'t rain
B.doesn\'t rain
C.don\'t rain
D.isn\'t raining
2) ______ you eat old food,you may be ill.(湖南)
A.Before
B.Why
C.If
D.Which
三、对比较状语从句的考查
1.要点:引导比较状语从句的连词有as...as,than。
1)表示甲与乙在某一方面相同时,用“as+原级+as”句型;表示甲在某一方面不如乙时,用“not as /so +原级+as”句型。如:
Dalian is as beautiful as Shenzhen.大连和深圳一样的美。
I don\'t run as/so fast as Kang Li.我不如康丽跑得快。
2)表示甲超过或不及乙时,用“比较级+从句”(从句中常省略意义与主句相同的部分)。如:
He runs faster than you(do).他跑得比你快。
Today is less cold than yesterday.今天没有昨天冷。
2.考例:
1)Jack runs as ______ as Tom.(北京市宣武区)
A.fast
B.faster
C.fastest
D.much faster
2)30,000dollars is a large amount of money,but it\'s ______ than we need.(上海市)
A.for more
B.very much
C.far less
D.very little
四、对结果状语从句的考查
1.要点:引导结果状语从句的连词有so...that(如此……以致于),such...that(如此……以致于)等。常用句型:
so+形容词/副词+that从句
such a/an +形容词+单数可数名词+ that从句
such+形容词+复数可数名词/不可数名词+that从句
so+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+that从句
He spoke so fast that I couldn\'t follow him.他讲得太快,我跟不上。
He told us such funny stories that we all laughed.
他给我们讲了那么多有趣的故事,我们全都哈哈大笑。
2.考例:
1)这山太高,我们很难到达山顶。(四川)
This mountain is ______ ______ that we can ______ ______ the top.
2)Miss Gao asked a question,but it was ______ that nobody could answer it.
A.very difficult
B.too difficult
C.difficult enough
D.so difficult
五、对其它状语从句的考查
还有五种状语从句:地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、方式状语从句、让步状语从句。
1.要点:
1)掌握常用的引导词:
① 引导地点状语从句的有:where(在哪里),wherever(无论何地),etc.如:
Where there is a will,there is a way.有志者,事竞成。
Wherever you go,I go too.无论你去哪里,我都去。
②引导原因状语从句的有because,as, since(因为),etc。because常回答why引导的疑问句,该从句一般位于主句后;since比as正式,两者不回答why引导的问句,而且其从句一般放在句首。如:
—Why can\'t I go?为什么我不能去?
—Because you\'re too young.因为你年纪太小了。
As(Since)you are not feeling well,you\'d better stay at home.
既然你不太舒服,还是留在家里的好。
③引导目的状语从句的有so that(以便)等。如:
I packed him a little food so that he wouldn\'t be hungry.
我给他包了一点食物,让他不致挨饿。
④引导方式状语从句的有as(按照)等。如:
I will do it as you tell me.我将照你说的做。
⑤引导让步状语从句的有though/although(虽然),even though(尽管),whoever/ no matter who(无论谁),however/no matter how(无论怎样),whatever/no matter what(无论什么)等。如:
Though it\'s hard work,I enjoy it.尽管这工作很辛苦,我还是很喜欢。
No matter how hard the work was,he never gave it up.不管工作多么艰难,他都从不放弃。
2)because不能与并列连词so,though /although不能与but同时在句中使用。如:
She was late for school because she missed the bus.
{
She missed the bus,so she was late for school.
It\'s not cheap,but it\'s very good.
{
Though it\'s not cheap,it\'s very good.
2.考例:
1)I can\'t understand this passage _____ there are no new words in it.(安徽)
A.if
B.because
C.though
D.and
2)“Why did Li Lei use a pencil?”“ _____ his pen was broken.”(福州市)
A.Because
B.When
C.Until
D.If
六、对状语从句和宾语从句、简单句、并列句的混合考查
【考点1】区分when,if引导宾语从句和状语从句的不同:when引导时间状语从句意为“当……时候”,引导宾语从句意为“什么时候”;if引导条件状语从句意为“如果”,引导宾语从句意为“是否”。如:
1.—Mike wants to know if _____ a picnic tomorrow.
—Yes.But if it _____ ,we\'ll visit the museum instead.(河北)
A.you have;will rain
B.you will have;will rain
C.you will have;rains
D.will you have;rains
2.—Do you know when he _____ back tomorrow?
—Sorry,I don\'t.When he _____ back, I\'ll tell you.(安徽)
A.comes;comes
B.comes;will come
C.will come;comes
D.will come;will come
【考点2】状语从句和宾语从句、状语从句和简单句、并列句的同义转换。如:
1.A:He is too young to go to school.
B:He is _____ young _____ he can\'t go to school.(四川)
2.A:Tom is the tallest in his class.
B:Tom is _____ _____ any other student in his class.(四川)
3.A:The box is so light _____ that the boy can carry it.
B:The box is light for the boy to carry.(南京)
4.A:Put on your coat,or you\'ll catch a cold.
B: _____ you _____ put on your coat, you\'ll catch a cold.(上海)
典型例题
Key:
状语从句的复习重点及中考热点透视
一、2.1)as;as 2)didn\'t;until/till/before 3)D 4)C
二、2.1)B2)C
三、2.1)A2)C
四、2.1)so high;not reach 2)D
五、2.1)C 2)A
六、【考点1】1.C 2.C【考点2】1.so;that 2.taller than 3.enough 4.If;don\'t
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