Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells? 重难点解析(1)
1. How long have you been in class today? 你们今天上了多长时间的课?
(1)how long 意为“多久”。如:
How long are you staying in Hong Kong? 你将在香港呆多久?
How long did you do your homework?你做作业做了多久了?
(2)how 的相关词组:
how much 多少(钱) how many 多少
how far多远 how often 多久一次
how old多大 how soon 多久以后
注:how much 可对不可数名词的数量进行提问;还可对价格提问。
how many 提问可数名词的数量。
2.A:Alison,how long have you been skating? 艾丽森,你滑冰已经多长时间了?
B:I have been skating for five hours. 我已经滑了五个小时。
for表示时间的持续,后面加时间段,表示一段时间,多与带数词的名词连用,其谓语需用延续性动词。
We have been learning English for two years. 我们学英语已经两年了。
I slept for eight hours last night. 我昨晚睡了八个小时。
注:在现在完成时中,若动词为非延续性动词,与for短语连用时,要转换为延续性动词。例如:
borrow—keep;buy—have;arrive—be here;come back—be back;get up—be up
die—be dead;begin—be on
3. since表示“自从过去某一时间点以来”,后面接点时间,强调动作或状态一直延续到现在,一般用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。例如:
I have been skating since eight o’clock. 自从八点开始,我就已经滑冰了。
I have been listening to music since 1999. 自从1999年以来,我一直听音乐。
I have been here since I came to China. 自从我来到中国以来,我一直在这儿。
4. Grammar Focus 语法聚焦
现在完成进行时
构成:have/has been+现在分词
用法:
现在完成进行时表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作,这个动作可能刚刚结束,也可能还要继续进行下去;或表示一直到说话时为止的一段时间内一再重复的动作。常与for two hours,since 1986,all this morning,these few days 等表示一段时间的状语连用。例如:
I have been reading all this morning. 我一上午都在读书。
I have been collecting stamps since I was ten years old. 自从十岁起我就一直收集邮票。
Have you been doing your homework since this morning? 从今天早上起你一直在做作业吗?
I haven’t been seeing a film for a long time. 我很长时间没看电影了。
How long has she been collecting shells? 她已经收集贝壳多长时间了?
I’ve been collecting shells for two years.(I’ve=I have) 我收集贝壳已经两年了。
How long has she been skating? 她已经滑冰多长时间了?
She’s been skating for four hours. (she’s=she has) 她已经滑了四个小时了。
for和since用于现在完成进行时的区别:
for后面跟一段时间,例如:
I’ve been skating for five hours.
since后面可以跟一个时间点,也可以是一个时间状语从句。例如:
He has been skating since he was seven years old.(since引导时间状语从句)
He has been skating since nine o’clock this morning.(since加一个时间点)
5.I’m talking to you from the Hilltop School Marathon.Here students are skating to raise money for charity.
我正在山顶中学马拉松比赛现场向你报道。在这儿,学生们正在为慈善事业筹集资金。
talk to sb.在此意为“向某人报道”,相当于report to。例如:
I’m reporting to you about the sports meeting. 我正在向你报道运动会的情况。
Mr Li will talk to you about Yao Ming. 李先生将向你报道关于姚明的情况。
raise…for为……筹集。例如:
Some singers raise lots of money for the poor students to go to school.
许多歌手为贫穷学生能上学而募集资金。
注:talk to sb.“与某人谈话”。
如:My English teacher often talks to me. 我的英语老师经常和我谈话。
也可以说:talk with sb.
但它侧重于谈话双方都说。
6. For every hour they skate,each student raises ten yuan for charity.
他们每滑一个小时,每个学生就会为慈善机构筹集到10元钱。
every形容词,意为“每一,每一个”,在句子中只能作定语,与单数名词连用。例如:
Every boy likes playing football in our class.
我们班的每一个男生都喜欢踢足球。
Each
(1)形容词,意为“各个,每一”,后接单数可数名词。例如:
Each day is better than the one before. 一天天好起来。
(2)each 本身为代词作主语时,其谓语动词为单数。
(3)each 跟在主语后起同位语的作用,这时主语和谓语动词都应该是复数。
辨析:each 与every
each 强调“个体”,every 强调“整体”。
every只能作定语,each 可作定语、主语、宾语和同位语。
例如:Each of us wants to buy the book. 我们每个人都想买这本书。
We each want to buy the book. 我们每个人都想买这本书。
7. Alison was the first one to start,and has been skating for the whole five hours.
艾丽森是第一个开始滑的,已经滑了整整五个小时。
whole 形容词,“整个的”。例如:
the whole night 整个晚上
the whole school 全校
8. And Li Chen just started an hour ago. 李晨一个小时以前刚开始滑。
an hour ago一个小时以前
ago “……之前”,是一般过去时态的标志词。例如:
I went shopping an hour ago. 我一个小时以前去购物了。
He flew to America two years ago. 他两年以前乘飞机去了美国。
9. would like to do sth.同义词为want to do sth./feel like doing sth.
would like/want sb.to do sth.想让某人做某事。如:
My mother would like me to be a reporter. 我妈妈想让我成为一名记者。
His father wants him to go to school on foot. 他爸爸想让他步行去上学。
10. Thanks for sending me the snow globe of the monster.
谢谢你送给我内装怪兽的雪花玻璃球。
thanks for 意为“为……而感谢”,后接名词和动词的-ing 形式。如:
Thanks a lot for helping me. 非常感谢你帮助我。
Thanks a lot for your help. 非常感谢你的帮助。
注:thanks for sth./doing sth.还可以表示为:
thank sb.for sth./doing sth./
Thanks a lot.还可表示为: Thank you very much. 非常感谢。
Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells? 重难点解析(2)
1. My mom says I have to stop,because we’ve run out of room to store them.
我妈妈说我必须停下来,因为我们用尽了屋里所有的空间来存放这些东西。
run out of 用尽,缺乏。例如:
He ran out of all his money to buy the book. 他用尽了他所有的钱来买这本书。
People will run out of water resources one day. 人们总有一天会缺乏水资源。
注:room “空间,余地”,不可数名词。例如:
There will be standing room only. 人们将会只有立足之地。
Could you make room for my daughter? 你能给我女儿腾个地方吗?
2. I even store them in boxes under my bed. 我甚至把它们放在床下的盒子里。
store动词,意为“储藏”。如:
I stored five hundred yuan last year. 我去年存了500元钱。
3. The first one I ever got was a birthday cake snow globe on my seventh birthday.
我得到的第一个雪花玻璃球是在我七岁生日时,内装一个生日蛋糕。
on my seventh birthday 在我七岁生日那天
on 表示具体时间。例如:
He’s going to the beach on Sunday morning. 在周日的早上,他要去海滩。
4.If you know anyone else who collects them,please tell me.
如果你知道还有谁收集这些东西,请告诉我。
anyone else 其他的人,形容词修饰不定代词要后置。如:
something different 不同的东西
let know 告知;使知晓。
例如:If you know,please let me know. 如果你知道,请让我知道。
5. By the way,what’s your hobby?
顺便问一下,你的爱好是什么?
by the way 顺便问一下,顺便说一下。例如:
By the way,where’s the bank? 顺便问一下,银行在哪里?
辨析:on the way to... 在去……的路上
He is on his way home. 他在回家的路上。
on one’s way here/there 在某人来这儿/去那儿的路上
6. I teach in Harbin,the capital of Heilongjiang Province.
我执教于黑龙江的省会哈尔滨。
the capital of ……的省会。如:
Ji’nan is the capital of Shandong Province.
济南是山东省的省会。
7.There is some European influence in the city,and a lot of the buildings in Harbin are Russian.
这个城市受到欧洲的很大影响,哈尔滨的许多建筑物都是俄式的。
European(1)形容词,欧洲的,欧洲人的。如:
The food tastes like European.
这种食物尝起来像欧式风味。
(2)名词,欧洲人。如:
His parents are Europeans.
他的父母是欧洲人。
8..In fact,the first Jews probably came to Kaifeng more than a thousand years ago,and were welcomed by the Song Emperor.
事实上,第一批犹太人可能在1000多年以前就来到了开封,而且受到了宋朝皇帝的欢迎。
more than多于,超过。其反义词为less than “少于”。如:
By then he was more than sixty years old. 那时他已经60多岁了。
I have been collecting more than twenty shells. 我已经收集了20多个贝壳了。
9. Although I live quite far from Beijing,I’m certain I will be here for the Olympic Games in 2008! 虽然我住的地方离北京很远,但我确信2008年奥运会时我会在这儿。
quite far from表示“离……相当远”。
例如:Ji’nan is quite far from Beijing. 济南离北京相当远。
I live quite far from the center of the city. 我住在离市中心很远的地方。
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