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一、重点单词：just, since, fact, turn, miss, pleasant, land, way, lonely, lucky, grandpa, unkind, impolite, over, unhealthy
二、短语运用： in fact, get married, turn into, noise pollution, take off, in some ways, from time to time, be in service/use, free time, on one’s own, on longer, the changes to;
三、重点结构：It is easy for him to see them as often as before.
It was built to the north of Lantau Island.
I wish you a happy holiday.
It no longer provides a good environment for wildlife.
The changes have brought many benefits but they have also caused many problems for wildlife.
四、语法：现在完成时，present perfect tense
1、现在完成时所表示的动作发生在过去，但考虑较多的不是动作发生在过去的什么时候，而是强调与目前的联系，即过去与现在的关系。强调过去的动作对目前造成的影响和后果，或强调动作本身或状态持续地现在，因此属于现在时范畴。它的主要用法可概括为八个字：影响、结果、持续和经历。
2、现在完成时的构成：
肯定式：I/We/you/they have + been/ worked
she/he/it has + been/worked
否定式：have not +been/worked
has not + been/worked
疑问式：Have +主语+been/worked …?
Has + 主语+ been/worked…?
3、现在完成时的用法
（1） 表示过去发生的某一动作对现在生成的影响或结果。
如：He has read the book.他已经读过这本书了。
“读书”是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是“读过了”。
(2) 表示动作过去已经开始，持续到现在，可能还要继续下去。这时往往与表示一段时间的状语连用。
如：He has worked for more than three years. 他工作三年多了。
I have been in Suzhou for ten years. 我来苏州已经十年了。
(3) 现在完成时属于现在时态范畴，不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last week, a day ago等。但可以和never, ever, already, yet, just(刚刚), for…, since…, in the past three years, so far(到目前为止), by now, before（以前）等连用。
如：Have you finished your picture yet? 你已经完成你的画了吗？
I have never heard of him before. 过去我从未听说过他。
(4) 瞬间动词也叫短暂性动词。这种动词动作开始也就意味着结束，所以不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。这些动词是become, begin, start, buy, borrow, arrive, come, die, fall, finish, go, join, leave, marry 等。这了表述这种意思，我们常用相应的延续性动词have, keep 等或短语“be+名词/形容词/位置副词/介词短语”来代替短暂性动词。
如：He has kept the book for three weeks. 这本书他已借了三周了。
The meeting has been on for half an hour. 会已开始半小时了。
He has been in the army for three years. 他参军三年了。
（5）其他词组的区别
①since和for的区别
since短语或从句表示过去的动作延续至今，since之后为时间点。
如：He has lived here since 2000. 2000年以来他一直住在这儿。
I haven’t seen him since ten years ago. 自十年前开始我就没见过他。
I have known him since I was very young. 我很小时就认识他了。
For短语表示动作延续多长时间，for后面跟时间段。
如：He has lived here for three years.他住这儿已经三年了。
I haven’t seen her for a long time.我已经好久没见到她了。
②have/has been in, have/has been to和have/has gone to的区别
have/has been in表示“在某地呆了多久了”，可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。 Have/has been to表示“曾到过某地（已回来）”，不能与一段时间的状语连用。两者表示的意义不同，所以跟的时间状语也不同。
如：He has been to Guangzhou twice. 他去过广州两次。
He has been in Guangzhou for a long time. 他在广州已呆了很长时间了。
have/has gone to意为“到某地去了（还没回来）”，表示到了某地或正在去的途中。总之，说话时当事人不在现场，一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。
如：—Where is Kate? 凯特在哪儿？
—She has gone to the post office. 她去邮局了。
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