Unit 6 Detective stories（2）

第六单元　侦探小说

语法指南
直接引语和间接引语

当我们引用别人的话时，可以用别人的原话，也可以用自己的话把意思转述出来，如果是引用原话，被引用的部分就称为直接引语，如果是转述，就称为间接引语。如：
A. The detective asked: “Who knows the victim?”，其中的“Who knows the victim?”就是直接引语。
B. The detective asked who knew the victim. 其中的who knew the victim就是间接引语。直接引语通常用引号(“”)括起来，间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个宾语从句。
★如果引用的句子原来是一个陈述句，在间接引语的开头用连词that；要根据意思改变人称，同时引语中的谓语和主句的谓语在时态上要相对称。
He said, “the old woman looks very worried.”
　 ① He said that the old woman looked very worried.
他说那位老太太看起来很着急。
Mr Smith said, “Children, those workers are working.”
② Mr Smith told Children that those workers were working.
史密斯先生告诉孩子们那些工人正在工作。
①②两句中的间接引语开头用连词that，在动词say后，有时that可以省略。
　 Tom said to me, “I have left my toy at home.”
③ Tom told me that he had left his toy at home.
　 汤姆告诉我他把玩具掉在家里了。
The victim’s mother said to the police: “I am very shocked.”
④ The victim’s mother told the police that she was very shocked.
受害人的母亲告诉警察说她很震惊。
③④两句中直接引语和间接引语的主语已经发生变化。间接引语中的主语和主句中的主语是一致的。he就是指Tom，she就是指The victim’s mother.
“I’m scared”, said the witness.
⑤ The witness said that she was scared.
那目击证人说她很害怕。
　　The girl said to her mother, “The music sounds beautiful.”
⑥ The girl told to her mother that the music sounded beautiful.
那女孩告诉她母亲说那音乐听起来优美极了。
⑤⑥两句中的直接引语是一般现在时，变成间接引语时，要变成一般过去时。
　　“The thief is running away.” Said Mrs Ma.
⑦ Mrs Ma said the thief was running away.
马夫人说那小偷正向远处跑。
　　Lin Tao said to me, “My family are watching TV.”
⑧ Lin Tao told me that his family were watching TV.
林涛说他的家人正在看电视。
⑦⑧两句中，直接引语中的现在进行时改变成了间接引语中的过去进行时，表示在过去某时，动作正在进行。
⑨Detective Jones said, “I’ve finished my report.”
Detective Jones said that he had finished his report.
琼斯侦探说他已经完成了他的报告。
⑩Jack said, “We have caught the thief.”
Jack said that they had caught the thief.
杰克说他们已经抓住了贼。
⑨⑩两句中，直接引语中的现在完成时，改变成了间接引语中的过去完成时。
○11Mr Wu said, “I read the newspaper.”
Mr Wu said that he had read the newspaper.
吴先生说他已经看了那份报纸。
○12Jim said, “I saw the film.”
Jim said that he had seen the film.
吉姆说他已经看过那部电影了。
○11○12两句中，直接引语中的一般过去时改变了间接引语中的过去完成时。直接引语中的动作read，saw发生在主句动作said之前，因此变成间接引语时要变成过去完成时。
○13“We will look for more clues.” Said Detective Jones.
Detective Jones said that they would look for more clues.
琼斯侦探说他们将会寻找更多的线索。
○14He answered, “I will catch up with others.”
He answered that he would catch up with others.
他回答他将会赶上其他同学的。
○13○14两句中直接引语中的一般将来时，改变成了间接引语中的过去将来时，表示look for和catch up with这两个动作分别发生在主句动作“said和answered”之后，因此间接引语中要用过去将来时。
★直接引语变成间接引语时，直接引语中的指示代词，地点和时间状语等要作相应的变动。
　 ①She said: “I will come here tonight.”
She said that she would go there that night.
她说那天晚上她要去那里。
②Liu Mei said, “I am writing a composition now.”
Liu Mei said that she was writing a composition then.
刘梅说那里她正在写作文。
③Jack said to us, “These are my stamps.”
Jack told us that those were his stamps.
杰克告诉我们那是他的邮票。
④Lucy said: “My sister came back two days ago.”
Lucy said that he sister had gone back two days before.
露西说她的姐姐两天前就回去了。
⑤Mr Hu answered, “They will arrive here tomorrow evening.”
Mr Hu answered that they would arrive there the next evening.
胡先生说他们将在第二天傍晚到达那里。
这种改变可归纳成下表：
在直接引语中 在间接引语中
指示代词 this that
these those
地点状语 here there
动　　词 come go
时间状语 now then
today that day
yesterday the day before
last week(year, ect.) the week(year, ect.) before
two days(a month, ect.) two days(a month, ect.) before
tomorrow the next(following) day
tomorrow morning the next(following) morning
next week(year, ect.) the next week(year, ect.)
【注】时间状语this afternoon在间接引语中没有改变。因为转述的是当天所说的话。这种情况下，时间状语可不作改变。如：
⑥Tom said: “I will finish the work this afternoon.”
Tom said that he would finish the work this afternoon.
汤姆说他将在今天下午完成这项工作。
★如果直接引语是一个特殊疑问句，在变成间接引语时，除了要注意人称，状语等的变化和时态相对称外，还要注意间接引语中应用陈述句的语序，不能用疑问句的语序。同时不能用连词that，而要用特殊疑问句，句末用句号。
　 ①The teacher asked, “What are you parents?”
The teacher asked what my parents were.
老师问我父母是做什么的。
②He asked, “When will you see your uncle, Liu Mei?”
He asked Liu Mei when she would see her uncle.
他问刘梅要在什么时候看望她的叔叔。
③I asked, “Which book is yours, Meimei?”
I asked Meimei which book was hers.
我问梅梅哪本书是她的。
④Tom asked me, “How are you getting on with your classmates?”
Tom asked me how I was getting on with my classmates.
汤姆问我和同学们相处得怎么样。
⑤I asked, “Who did you wait for yesterday, Tom?”
I asked Tom who he had waited for the day before.
我问汤姆前天他等的是谁。
⑥She asked, “Where are we going to meet tomorrow?”
She asked where they were going to meet the following day.
她问他们第二天在哪儿碰头。
⑦He asked me, “Why were you late yesterday?”
He asked me why I had been late the day before.
他问我前天为什么迟到。
★如果直接引语是一般疑问,选择问句或反意疑问句,在间接引语前要用连词whether或if。
　 ①He asked, “Are you sure your mother will come?”
He asked if (whether) I was sure my mother would come.
他问我是不是能肯定我妈妈会来。
②She asked, “Are you a student or a teacher?”
She asked me whether I was a student or a teacher.
她问我是学生还是老师。
【注】当引用的一个反意疑问句时，连词只能用whether。
③He asked, “you have a few friends in the new school, don’t you?”
He asked me whether(if) I had a few friends in the new school.
他问我在新学校是否有新朋友。
★当直接引语是一个祈使句时，我们通常用一个含有复合宾语的简单句，把这个请求或命令表示出来，而不用复合句。
　 ①He said, “Please come her earlier.”
He asked me to go there earlier.
他叫我早一点去那儿。
②The teacher said, “Don’t do that again, children.”
The teacher told children not to do that again.
老师让孩子们再也不要这样做。
③The captain said, “Get everything ready in two hours.”
The captain ordered (told) us to get everything ready in two hours.
队长命令我们在两小时内把一切准备好。
【注】在此用祈使句时，谓语动词可根据句子的口气来决定。
语法专项训练
单项选择
1. “Don’t you think you should pain the wall?” “Who would ?”
A. see B. look C. watch D. notice
2. Will you it again? I didn’t you.
A. speak; listen B. say; hear C. talk; hear D. tell; listen
3. “Will you show me the photo of your family?” “OK, I’ll it here next week.”
A. talk B. catch C. carry D. bring
4. left at the second crossing. You’ll find the market.
A. Turn B. Listen C. Go D. Come
5. Let’s go and those beautiful pictures over there.
A. watch B. look at C. look on D. see
6. “ you to the radio?”
“No, you can turn it off.”
A. Did; listen B. Have; heard C. Are; hearing D. Are; listening
7. We’ll have to clean the plates before Mother home.
A. will come B. will go C. comes D. go
8. “Excuse me, look at the sign NO PHOTOS!”
“Sorry, I it.”
A. don’t watch B. didn’t see C. haven’t watched D. won’t see
9. “Do you like the music The Moonlight Sonato?”
“Yes, it really beautiful.”
A. feels B. sounds C. listen D. hears
10. There was a strange sound outside. Mary went out and around, but she nothing.
A. looked, saw B. saw; saw C. watched; looked D. looked; find
11. “What’s the police station’s telephone number?”
“I can’t remember. In the telephone book, please.”
A. Look it for B. Look it over C. Look it up D. Look at it
12. The window is broken. Try to who broke it.
A. find out B. find C. look D. look for
13. Please him to the nurse there, and she’ll give him some pills.
A. carry B. bring C. let D. take
14. “Excuse me, Is Li Ming in?”
“No, He the town. But he will back soon.”
A. went; come B. has been to; return
C. has gone to; come D. went; return
15. “ away this dirty shirt and me a clean one.”
“Sorry, I’m busy now.”
A. Pick; get B. Take; carry C. Bring; bring D. Take; get
参考答案
　　1. D notice意为“注意看”。
2. B 当表示讲具体内容时，用say, hear强调“听见”“听到”。
3. D bring强调从别处拿到说话者处。
4. A 表示“转向某一边”，要用turn。
5. B look at意为“看”“瞧”，强调动作。
6. D listen to the radio意为“收听广播”。
7. C
8. B see意为“看见”，强调看的结果。
9. B sound用作连系动词，意为“听起来”。
10. A look around是“环顾四周”，这表明是“看”，也是强调动作，所以第二空应用saw，说明什么也没有看见。
11. C look up在此表示“查阅”。
12. A find out意为“查明”“发现”，强调通过调查、询问、研究分析后获得的结果。
13. D take强调从说话者处带到别处。
14. C has gone to +地方，表示已经去“某地”的意思。表明不在说话人的地方。
15. D take away意为“拿走”，get表示“拿来”“取来”的意思。