阅读理解是中考测试的重要内容。主要考查学生生理解、辨别、推理的能力。近几年，中考阅读理解的选材注重了材料的真实性，具有时代特征，与现实生活的联系性越来越强。语篇选择比较注重思想性和趣味性，注重对学生心灵的塑造。常见的考查形式有三种：选择性阅读，判断正误型阅读和任务型阅读，其中任务型阅读又分为填空型，回答问题型，匹配阅读型等。   

    阅读理解题是对学生有着较高的能力要求的一种题型，主要考查学生通过阅读获取信息、分析信息和处理信息的能力。试题涉及对掌握语篇主旨、事实细节、深层含义、推理判断、猜测词义等多方面的阅读能力的考查。设题通常考虑以下四个方面:

    1.直观性问题。直接引用原文中的语句或根据短文中原语句稍加改动而编成。

    2.常识性问题。考查学生依据短文信息，并根据自己所具备的一般常识作出判断的题型。

    3.理解性问题。考查学生对文章的中心思想，某段的段落大意，某一事实的细节及作者意图等的理解程度。

4.推理性问题。这类题需在深刻理解短文后，再经过推理判断才能选出正确答案。

题型1(昆明中考)选择型阅读理解

A city without cars would be very strange，right? But Venice is such a city.

Venice is in the northeast of Italy. It wasn't built on land，like Beijing or Shanghai，but on more than 110 islands. Seawater is everywhere around the city.

Even so，travel isn't difficult. The waterways have always been the best way to get around. There are 117 waterways and more than 400 bridges that can guide you where you want to go. People in Venice move from place to place by boat. Venice grew out of small islands in saltwater lakes when some Italians escaped from a war over 1 ,500 years ago，and built homes there.

Water makes the city special .but it is also a big problem.  Sometimes tourists will have such strange experiences. One moment they walk across the Rialto Bridge，and there's nothing special. But when they come back to the bridge an hour later, it's underwater and everyone is wearing rain shoes.

Once，people used too much underground water. This made the city get lower little by little. Now the city has gone down by 23 centimeters. Another problem is the rising seawater. The temperature has risen over the years. This has made the ice of the Arctic Ocean（北冰洋 )melt (融化).

Every year, high waters hit the city in autumn and winter. When a lot of water comes ，more than half of the city is underwater.

Scientists are trying different ways to stop the city from getting even lower. The Italian government has asked some of Italy's biggest companies to build the MOST project, which was planned to be build under the seawater to stop the rising water. Anyway, this project is helping solve the problem.

1.According to the passage，Venice is a city  ____  of Italy.

    A. in the northeast  B. in the west   C. in the southwest   D. in the south、

2._____ have always been the best way to go here and there in the city.

  A. Taxis and cats   B. The waterways    C. 400 bridges    D. Boats and rain shoes

3. Venice _____ small islands in saltwater lakes more than 1500 years ago.

    A. change into           B. used to be

    C. became                D. developed from

4. Which is NOT the reason why the city gets lower and lower?

    A. The higher temperature      B. Overused underground water

    C. Too many waterways        D. The rising seawater

5. The passage is mainly about _______  Venice.

本文是一篇说明文，文中介绍了旅游城市威尼斯。威尼斯处在意大利的东北，是1500年前意大利人因躲进战乱而建立起来的，它不是建立在陆地上，而是建立在110多个小岛上，城市里的交通主要旅乘船或者是桥。

 1. A细节理解题。由文中第一段的第一句'Venice is in the northeast of Italy.”可知答案。

2. B细节理解题。由第二段第二句“The waterways have always been the best way to get around”可知答案。

3. D 细节理解题。由文中的“Venice grew out of small islands in salt water lakes when some Italians escaped from a war 1500 years ago. and built homes there.

4. C细节理解题。根据文中的信息people used too much underground water. Another problem is the rising seawater, the temperature has risen over the years可知答案。