英语中及物动词有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态主语是动作的承受者。被动语态由“be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be有人称、时态和数的变化。

被动语态的用法

(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如：

Some new computers were stolen last night.

一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)

This book was published in 1981.这本书出版于1981年。

(2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。

例如：The window was broken by Mike.窗户是迈克打破的。

This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。

Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed. 每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。

二．一般现在时的被动语态

1.现在时的被动语态构成：（am/is/are +done）如：         
   This shirt is washed once a week. 这件T恤一周洗一次。
   I am asked to study hard. 我被要求努力学习。
   Knives are used for cutting things. 刀被用来割东西的。
   These songs are usually sung by boys. 这些歌曲通常是男生唱的

2一般现在时的主动语态变被动语态：
1） Bruce writes a letter every week.
   → A letter is written by Bruce every week.
2） This factory produces machine tools.
   → Machine tools are produced in this factory.
3） They often make fun of her.
   → She is often made fun of. 
4）We clean our classroom every day.
   → Our classroom is cleaned by us every day.
5）Do you wash your clothes very often?
   → Are your clothes washed very often?
6）Most people in the USA speak English.
   → English is spoken by most people in the USA.
7)People speak English in many countries.
   → Eng lish is spoken in many countries.
8)Do you often clean your room?
    → Is your room often cleaned by you?

小试身手：用所给动词适当形式填空。

1. Usually the children here ______________(take )good care of .

2. The room ___________________________(clean ) every day.

三、一般过去时的被动语态

1 . 一般过去时被动语态表示过去经常性、习惯性被动动作或过去某一时刻发生的被动性动作。主语(动作承受者) + was / were + 过去分词(+ by + 施动者)构成。

与主动语态相比,被动语态中主语是谓语动作的执行者。

句型格式：was / were + done

例： I was taught by Miss Zhao last year.
去年，我是由赵老师教的。
Those letters were written by a famous writer.
那些信是由一位有名作家写的。

小试身手：用所给动词适当形式填空。

1. The cup _________________________________( wash ) yesterday .

2. The book ___________________________(write ) by Hanhan two years ago.

四．语篇复习

A.  根据所学课文及首字母提示完成下面的语段：

ORBIS is an i____1_____ charity that helps b___2____ people. Most blindness can be c____3____ or p______4____ .However , many people don’t have enough money to go to h___5______. ORBIS uses  a f___6___  eye hospital to visit p___7_____ countries. On the plane ,ORBIS  do ctors p____8_____ operations on patients. They also teach local doctors and nurses new skills and k_____9_____.The local doctors and nurses can come to the plane to learn about ey e o___10___.

Dr Ma is a doctor on the ORBIS plane. He feels p　 to help people see again. Dr Ma thinks that modern m____12_____ is developing q___13____ and now most eye problems can be treated and c____14___, but more money is needed to s__15___ their work.

B、书面表达。

联合国儿童基金会在中国开展工作已有三十年，始终致力于中国儿童的生存和发展工作。在当前和谐社会里，人与人之间的互帮互助已构成我们生活中的重要组成部分。请以Angel的名义为联合国儿童基金会慈善活动“The Monthly Donation for Children”（月捐计划）用英语写一篇演讲稿，呼吁大家行动起来。(80词左右) 内容要点提示：

1.In poor areas of China, children ,no enough food or clean water

2.No basic education, not read or write

3.ill, not afford ,medical treatment

4.UNICEF officer, come ,be helped

5.Now ,many poor children , need ,help

6.Students ,pocket money ,snacks, be wasted

7.donate 10yuan every month  ,I think a better world 

要求：1.词数：80左右。正文的开头已给出，不计入总词数；

2.文中不能出现自己的姓名和所在学校的名称。